CLAT PG Practice Set 1

Article 21 of the Constitution, as interpreted in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), requires that any procedure depriving a person of life or personal liberty must be:

1. A.Prescribed by any law, regardless of fairness
2. B.Fair, just and reasonable, not arbitrary or fanciful✓
3. C.Approved by the President alone
4. D.Applicable only to citizens

Correct answer: B

Which Article lists the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens?

1. A.Article 51A✓
2. B.Article 48A
3. C.Article 32A
4. D.Article 368A

Correct answer: A

In Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975), the Supreme Court struck down a clause of a constitutional amendment for violating the basic structure because it:

1. A.Increased the retirement age of judges
2. B.Abolished the right to property
3. C.Created new states
4. D.Sought to validate the Prime Minister's election by placing it beyond judicial review, violating free and fair elections/rule of law✓

Correct answer: D

Under Article 356, President's Rule can be imposed in a state on the ground that:

1. A.The state government has lost a no-confidence motion in the Assembly only
2. B.The Chief Minister has resigned voluntarily
3. C.The governance of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution✓
4. D.There is a natural disaster in the state

Correct answer: C

John Austin's command theory of law, which views law as the command of a sovereign backed by sanction, is most closely associated with which school of jurisprudence?

1. A.Natural Law School
2. B.Analytical/Positivist School✓
3. C.Sociological School
4. D.Historical School

Correct answer: B

The doctrine of "stare decisis" primarily concerns which source of law?

1. A.Judicial Precedent✓
2. B.Custom
3. C.Legislation
4. D.Personal Law

Correct answer: A

According to Salmond's analysis, which of the following best distinguishes "possession" from "ownership"?

1. A.Possession is purely a legal concept while ownership is factual
2. B.They are identical concepts under Indian law
3. C.Possession always requires ownership
4. D.Possession is a de facto exercise of control over a thing, while ownership is the de jure (legal) right to it✓

Correct answer: D

In Indian contract law, when is a contract made through post considered complete as against the proposer (offeror)?

1. A.When the acceptance is received by the proposer
2. B.When the offer is made
3. C.When the acceptance is posted by the acceptor✓
4. D.When the contract is signed by both parties

Correct answer: C

An agreement entered into under "undue influence" as defined in Section 16 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 is:

1. A.Void ab initio
2. B.Voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so caused✓
3. C.Automatically valid
4. D.Illegal

Correct answer: B

Under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930, breach of a "condition" entitles the aggrieved party to:

1. A.Treat the contract as repudiated and also claim damages, since a condition is essential to the main purpose of the contract✓
2. B.Only claim damages, not repudiate the contract
3. C.No remedy at all
4. D.Only rescind the contract without claiming damages

Correct answer: A

As per the Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018, specific performance of a contract is now:

1. A.A discretionary remedy granted only in exceptional cases
2. B.Abolished entirely
3. C.Available only for contracts related to immovable property
4. D.The general rule, no longer a purely discretionary remedy, subject to specified exceptions✓

Correct answer: D

Under the general exceptions to criminal liability, an act done by a child under what age is not considered an offence at all (absolute immunity)?

1. A.Under 12 years
2. B.Under 10 years
3. C.Under 7 years✓
4. D.Under 18 years

Correct answer: C

"Culpable homicide" is distinguished from "murder" primarily on the basis of:

1. A.The weapon used
2. B.The degree of intention/knowledge and the presence of specific circumstances enumerated for murder✓
3. C.Whether the victim survives
4. D.The relationship between accused and victim

Correct answer: B

Under criminal procedure, an offence for which a police officer may arrest without a warrant is called:

1. A.Cognizable offence✓
2. B.Non-cognizable offence
3. C.Compoundable offence
4. D.Bailable offence

Correct answer: A

Under the Indian Evidence Act (and the corresponding Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam), a confession made to a police officer is:

1. A.Always admissible
2. B.Admissible only if in writing
3. C.Admissible only if made voluntarily to a magistrate
4. D.Generally not admissible against the accused, subject to limited statutory exceptions✓

Correct answer: D

Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice lists the sources of international law. Which of the following is NOT one of the primary sources listed there?

1. A.International treaties/conventions
2. B.International custom
3. C.Executive orders of powerful states✓
4. D.General principles of law recognized by civilized nations

Correct answer: C

How many permanent members does the UN Security Council have?

1. A.10
2. B.5✓
3. C.15
4. D.7

Correct answer: B

Under UNCLOS, 1982, the breadth of the territorial sea that a coastal state may claim, measured from baselines, is:

1. A.Up to 12 nautical miles✓
2. B.Up to 200 nautical miles
3. C.Up to 24 nautical miles
4. D.Up to 350 nautical miles

Correct answer: A

In M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (the Oleum Gas Leak case), the Supreme Court evolved which principle, going beyond strict liability?

1. A.Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur
2. B.Doctrine of Sovereign Immunity
3. C.Contributory Negligence
4. D.Absolute Liability, with no exceptions applicable, for enterprises engaged in hazardous activities✓

Correct answer: D

In an action for defamation, which of the following is generally a complete defence?

1. A.The statement was made in anger
2. B.The statement was widely believed
3. C.Justification/truth of the statement, made in public interest✓
4. D.The defendant did not intend harm

Correct answer: C

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 provides for a three-tier redressal mechanism consisting of:

1. A.Only District Courts
2. B.District, State, and National Commissions✓
3. C.High Court and Supreme Court only
4. D.Municipal, State, and Central Tribunals

Correct answer: B

Under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, which of the following is a ground for divorce available to both spouses?

1. A.Cruelty✓
2. B.Non-payment of dowry
3. C.Different caste
4. D.Inter-religious friendship

Correct answer: A

The Supreme Court in Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017) declared which practice unconstitutional?

1. A.Nikah Halala
2. B.Mehr
3. C.Polygamy
4. D.Instant Triple Talaq (Talaq-e-Biddat)✓

Correct answer: D

Under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, a "gift" of immovable property must be effected by:

1. A.Oral declaration alone
2. B.Payment of stamp duty only
3. C.A registered instrument signed by or on behalf of the donor and attested by at least two witnesses✓
4. D.Delivery of possession alone

Correct answer: C

Under the Registration Act, 1908, registration is compulsory for which of the following documents?

1. A.A will
2. B.A sale deed of immovable property valued above ₹100✓
3. C.A power of attorney for personal use
4. D.A promissory note

Correct answer: B

The principle of "audi alteram partem" in administrative law requires that:

1. A.No person shall be condemned unheard; both sides must be given a fair hearing✓
2. B.Decisions must be recorded in writing
3. C.Only the government's side must be heard
4. D.Delegated legislation must be published

Correct answer: A

The National Green Tribunal was established under which Act?

1. A.Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
2. B.Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
3. C.Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
4. D.National Green Tribunal Act, 2010✓

Correct answer: D

Under the Indian Patents Act, 1970, the standard term of protection for a patent (post-TRIPS amendment) is:

1. A.14 years from the date of grant
2. B.10 years, renewable
3. C.20 years from the date of filing✓
4. D.Perpetual, subject to renewal fees

Correct answer: C

Under the Copyright Act, 1957, the general term of copyright protection for a literary work is the author's lifetime plus:

1. A.25 years
2. B.60 years✓
3. C.50 years
4. D.70 years

Correct answer: B

Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, "lay-off" refers to:

1. A.Failure, refusal, or inability of an employer to give employment to a workman due to reasons like shortage of raw material, breakdown of machinery, etc., without terminating employment✓
2. B.Permanent termination of a workman
3. C.A worker resigning voluntarily
4. D.Employer shutting down the factory permanently

Correct answer: A